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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Acre. |
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Data corrente: |
22/12/2021 |
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Data da última atualização: |
22/12/2021 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Autoria: |
CAMMELLI, F.; LEVY, S. A.; GRABS, J.; VALENTIM, J. F.; GARRETT, R. D. |
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Afiliação: |
FEDERICO CAMMELLI, Environmental Policy Lab, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; SAMUEL A. LEVY, Environmental Policy Lab, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; JANINA GRABS, Environmental Policy Lab, ETH Zürich, Switzerland / Universitat Ramon Llull, ESADE Business School, Spain; JUDSON FERREIRA VALENTIM, CPAF-AC; RACHAEL D. GARRETT, Environmental Policy Lab, ETH Zürich, Switzerlan. |
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Título: |
Effectiveness-equity tradeoffs in enforcing exclusionary supply chain policies: Lessons from the Amazonian cattle sector. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2022 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 332, 130031, 2022. |
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ISSN: |
0959-6526 |
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DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130031 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
To address ongoing deforestation for global food commodities production, companies and governments have adopted a range of forest-focused supply chain policies. In the Brazilian Amazon, these policies take the form of market exclusion mechanisms, i.e., immediately dropping suppliers who have cleared their land after a specific cut-off date. Theory suggests that strict exclusionary policies such as these are likely to result in both negative livelihood effects and reduced effectiveness of the policy if some farmers are not able to comply. It is proposed that a more cooperative model of enforcement that uses flexible and negotiated approaches to compliance management may enable more marginal and disadvantaged farmers to achieve compliance, thereby improving both the effectiveness of supply chain policies and their equity. Through our case study of cattle in the Brazilian Amazon, we examine the degree to which a purportedly cooperative supply chain policy exhibits coercive tendencies at different tiers and the degree to which these tendencies influence effectiveness and equity outcomes of the policy. We show that, surprisingly, even cooperative models of enforcement are prone to exhibit coercive tendencies in multi-tier supply chains, leading to severe equity shortcomings. We provide recommendations and a research agenda to mitigate effectiveness-equity tradeoffs in multi-tier, forest-focused supply chain policies in the aim to improve the design, adoption, and implementation of such policies. MenosTo address ongoing deforestation for global food commodities production, companies and governments have adopted a range of forest-focused supply chain policies. In the Brazilian Amazon, these policies take the form of market exclusion mechanisms, i.e., immediately dropping suppliers who have cleared their land after a specific cut-off date. Theory suggests that strict exclusionary policies such as these are likely to result in both negative livelihood effects and reduced effectiveness of the policy if some farmers are not able to comply. It is proposed that a more cooperative model of enforcement that uses flexible and negotiated approaches to compliance management may enable more marginal and disadvantaged farmers to achieve compliance, thereby improving both the effectiveness of supply chain policies and their equity. Through our case study of cattle in the Brazilian Amazon, we examine the degree to which a purportedly cooperative supply chain policy exhibits coercive tendencies at different tiers and the degree to which these tendencies influence effectiveness and equity outcomes of the policy. We show that, surprisingly, even cooperative models of enforcement are prone to exhibit coercive tendencies in multi-tier supply chains, leading to severe equity shortcomings. We provide recommendations and a research agenda to mitigate effectiveness-equity tradeoffs in multi-tier, forest-focused supply chain policies in the aim to improve the design, adoption, and implementation o... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Cadena de suministro; Deforestación; Ganado; Sistemas de control medioambiental. |
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Thesagro: |
Cadeia Produtiva; Controle Ambiental; Desmatamento; Pecuária; Políticas Públicas. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
Amazonia; Deforestation; Environmental control systems; Livestock; Public policy; Supply chain. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
E Economia e Indústria Agrícola |
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URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/229517/1/27249.pdf
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Marc: |
LEADER 02632naa a2200373 a 4500
001 2138232
005 2021-12-22
008 2022 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
022 $a0959-6526
024 7 $ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130031$2DOI
100 1 $aCAMMELLI, F.
245 $aEffectiveness-equity tradeoffs in enforcing exclusionary supply chain policies$bLessons from the Amazonian cattle sector.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2022
520 $aTo address ongoing deforestation for global food commodities production, companies and governments have adopted a range of forest-focused supply chain policies. In the Brazilian Amazon, these policies take the form of market exclusion mechanisms, i.e., immediately dropping suppliers who have cleared their land after a specific cut-off date. Theory suggests that strict exclusionary policies such as these are likely to result in both negative livelihood effects and reduced effectiveness of the policy if some farmers are not able to comply. It is proposed that a more cooperative model of enforcement that uses flexible and negotiated approaches to compliance management may enable more marginal and disadvantaged farmers to achieve compliance, thereby improving both the effectiveness of supply chain policies and their equity. Through our case study of cattle in the Brazilian Amazon, we examine the degree to which a purportedly cooperative supply chain policy exhibits coercive tendencies at different tiers and the degree to which these tendencies influence effectiveness and equity outcomes of the policy. We show that, surprisingly, even cooperative models of enforcement are prone to exhibit coercive tendencies in multi-tier supply chains, leading to severe equity shortcomings. We provide recommendations and a research agenda to mitigate effectiveness-equity tradeoffs in multi-tier, forest-focused supply chain policies in the aim to improve the design, adoption, and implementation of such policies.
650 $aAmazonia
650 $aDeforestation
650 $aEnvironmental control systems
650 $aLivestock
650 $aPublic policy
650 $aSupply chain
650 $aCadeia Produtiva
650 $aControle Ambiental
650 $aDesmatamento
650 $aPecuária
650 $aPolíticas Públicas
653 $aCadena de suministro
653 $aDeforestación
653 $aGanado
653 $aSistemas de control medioambiental
700 1 $aLEVY, S. A.
700 1 $aGRABS, J.
700 1 $aVALENTIM, J. F.
700 1 $aGARRETT, R. D.
773 $tJournal of Cleaner Production$gv. 332, 130031, 2022.
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Registro original: |
Embrapa Acre (CPAF-AC) |
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Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Florestas; Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura. |
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Data corrente: |
28/12/2016 |
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Data da última atualização: |
03/01/2018 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Circulação/Nível: |
A - 1 |
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Autoria: |
AZEVEDO, C. F.; RESENDE, M. D. V. de; SILVA, F. F.; VIANA, J. M. S.; VALENTE, M. S. F.; RESENDE JUNIOR, M. F. R.; OLIVEIRA, E. J. de. |
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Afiliação: |
C. F. Azevedo, Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa; MARCOS DEON VILELA DE RESENDE, CNPF; F. F. Silva, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa; J. M. S. Viana, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa; M. S. F. Valente, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa; M. F. R. Resende Junior, RAPID Genomics, Florida; EDER JORGE DE OLIVEIRA, CNPMF. |
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Título: |
New accuracy estimators for genomic selection with application in a cassava (Manihot esculenta) breeding program. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2016 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Genetics and Molecular Research, v. 15, n. 4, gmr.15048838, Oct. 2016. |
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DOI: |
10.4238/gmr.15048838 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
ABSTRACT. Genomic selection is the main force driving applied breeding programs and accuracy is the main measure for evaluating its efficiency. The traditional estimator (TE) of experimental accuracy is not fully adequate. This study proposes and evaluates the performance and efficiency of two new accuracy estimators, called regularized estimator (RE) and hybrid estimator (HE), which were applied to a practical cassava breeding program and also to simulated data. The simulation study considered two individual narrow sense heritability levels and two genetic architectures for traits. TE, RE, and HE were compared under four validation procedures: without validation (WV), independent validation, ten-fold validation through jacknife allowing different markers, and with the same markers selected in each cycle. RE presented accuracies closer to the parametric ones and less biased and more precise ones than TE. HE proved to be very effective in the WV procedure. The estimators were applied to five traits evaluated in a cassava experiment, including 358 clones genotyped for 390 SNPs. Accuracies ranged from 0.67 to 1.12 with TE and from 0.22 to 0.51 with RE. These results indicated that TE overestimated the accuracy and led to one accuracy estimate (1.12) higher than one, which is outside of the parameter space. Use of RE turned the accuracy into the parameter space. Cassava breeding programs can be more realistically implemented using the new estimators proposed in this study, providing less risky practical inferences. MenosABSTRACT. Genomic selection is the main force driving applied breeding programs and accuracy is the main measure for evaluating its efficiency. The traditional estimator (TE) of experimental accuracy is not fully adequate. This study proposes and evaluates the performance and efficiency of two new accuracy estimators, called regularized estimator (RE) and hybrid estimator (HE), which were applied to a practical cassava breeding program and also to simulated data. The simulation study considered two individual narrow sense heritability levels and two genetic architectures for traits. TE, RE, and HE were compared under four validation procedures: without validation (WV), independent validation, ten-fold validation through jacknife allowing different markers, and with the same markers selected in each cycle. RE presented accuracies closer to the parametric ones and less biased and more precise ones than TE. HE proved to be very effective in the WV procedure. The estimators were applied to five traits evaluated in a cassava experiment, including 358 clones genotyped for 390 SNPs. Accuracies ranged from 0.67 to 1.12 with TE and from 0.22 to 0.51 with RE. These results indicated that TE overestimated the accuracy and led to one accuracy estimate (1.12) higher than one, which is outside of the parameter space. Use of RE turned the accuracy into the parameter space. Cassava breeding programs can be more realistically implemented using the new estimators proposed in this study, provi... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Accuracy estimator; Cross-validation; Genomic prediction; Mnadioca; Seleção genômica. |
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Thesagro: |
Mandioca; Manihot esculenta; Melhoramento vegetal. |
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Thesaurus NAL: |
Cassava; Plant breeding. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
G Melhoramento Genético |
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URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/161813/1/2016-M.Deon-GMR-NewAccuracy.pdf
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Marc: |
LEADER 02532naa a2200325 a 4500
001 2072711
005 2018-01-03
008 2016 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.4238/gmr.15048838$2DOI
100 1 $aAZEVEDO, C. F.
245 $aNew accuracy estimators for genomic selection with application in a cassava (Manihot esculenta) breeding program.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2016
520 $aABSTRACT. Genomic selection is the main force driving applied breeding programs and accuracy is the main measure for evaluating its efficiency. The traditional estimator (TE) of experimental accuracy is not fully adequate. This study proposes and evaluates the performance and efficiency of two new accuracy estimators, called regularized estimator (RE) and hybrid estimator (HE), which were applied to a practical cassava breeding program and also to simulated data. The simulation study considered two individual narrow sense heritability levels and two genetic architectures for traits. TE, RE, and HE were compared under four validation procedures: without validation (WV), independent validation, ten-fold validation through jacknife allowing different markers, and with the same markers selected in each cycle. RE presented accuracies closer to the parametric ones and less biased and more precise ones than TE. HE proved to be very effective in the WV procedure. The estimators were applied to five traits evaluated in a cassava experiment, including 358 clones genotyped for 390 SNPs. Accuracies ranged from 0.67 to 1.12 with TE and from 0.22 to 0.51 with RE. These results indicated that TE overestimated the accuracy and led to one accuracy estimate (1.12) higher than one, which is outside of the parameter space. Use of RE turned the accuracy into the parameter space. Cassava breeding programs can be more realistically implemented using the new estimators proposed in this study, providing less risky practical inferences.
650 $aCassava
650 $aPlant breeding
650 $aMandioca
650 $aManihot esculenta
650 $aMelhoramento vegetal
653 $aAccuracy estimator
653 $aCross-validation
653 $aGenomic prediction
653 $aMnadioca
653 $aSeleção genômica
700 1 $aRESENDE, M. D. V. de
700 1 $aSILVA, F. F.
700 1 $aVIANA, J. M. S.
700 1 $aVALENTE, M. S. F.
700 1 $aRESENDE JUNIOR, M. F. R.
700 1 $aOLIVEIRA, E. J. de
773 $tGenetics and Molecular Research$gv. 15, n. 4, gmr.15048838, Oct. 2016.
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Registro original: |
Embrapa Florestas (CNPF) |
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